Unowocześnienie metod gospodarowania w dobrach stołowych biskupstwa krakowskiego w późnym średniowieczu

The fifteenth century was a period of significant changes in the economic life Poland, leading to creation manorial-feudal system, which subsequently had an overwhelming and negative impact on country's following centuries. One precursors this model church estates, were typically larger, more stable efficiently managed than private or royal estates at that time (that held constant pledge). largest latifundia Poland those Archbishops Gniezno Bishops Cracow. In early sixteenth century, Cracow included 13 towns 258 villages they owned 31 1,257 paying tithes. They scattered throughout diocese, i.e. Polonia Minor Terra Lublinensis. late Middle Ages, almost all supported development these most them focusing traditional methods enlarging domains by purchase (which, later on, met with resistance from nobility) foundation new settlements based Magdeburg Law (this facilitated possession solid, undeveloped lands – e.g. area Świętokrzyskie Mountains). There two bishops who made particularly contributions: Zbigniew Oleśnicki (1423–1455) Jan Konarski (1502–1525). Besides efforts expand settlement, also undertook highly innovative measures increase profitability estates. implemented modern administrative methods, attempting list constituent elements latifundium, sources income, collect document information bishop's property rights, obligations peasants soltyses. Using documents he collected, then often pursued return illegally seized revenues court. He actively expanded his own activities, mainly establishing serf-based farms produced grain for sale. By end Oleśnicki's pontificate, there 52 such latifundium. Długosz, future chronicler, became trusted executor hierarch's plans. It is thanks descriptions we are able discern nature bishop’s innovations introduced them. should be noted, however, contributed introduction farming proved disadvantageous long run, system. This, hardly foreseeable Długosz. equally contributions ex-panded through purchases, but importantly, arranged exploitation, smelting processing metal ores, especially iron, episcopal domains. established ore mines forges Mountains region. These facilities operated feudal basis, provided Old-Polish Industrial Region.